The syndrome of primary aldosteronism was first described by Conn in 1955 . It is characterized by hypertension, suppressed plasma renin activity (PRA), increased plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), and insuppressible aldosterone levels in the blood or urine.
ARR screening leads to 10-fold increase in the annual detection rate of primary aldosteronism.
Subtyping algorithm
APA, aldosterone-producing adenoma;
AVS, adrenal venous sampling;
CT, computed tomography;
IHA, idiopathic hyperaldosteronism; PA, primary aldosteronism;
PAH, primary adrenal hyperplasia.
References
[1] Young, WF (Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA). Diagnosis and treatment of primary aldosteronism: practical clinical perspectives (Review). J Intern Med 2019; 285: 126– 148.
[2] https://www.amazon.com/Secondary-Hypertension-Presentation-Diagnosis-Treatment/dp/ 1588291413> [Accessed 25 March 2021].
[3] <Effect of age on aldosterone/renin ratio (ARR) and comparison of screening accuracy of ARR plus elevated serum aldosterone concentration for primary aldosteronism screening in different age groups> Yin G, Zhang S Endocrine. 2012 Aug; 42(1):182-9.
[4] Williams textbook of endocrinology 13th edition
[5] Young WF, Stanson AW, Thompson GB, et al. Role for adrenal venous sampling in primary aldosteronism. Surgery. 2004;136:1227-1235