Prevalence of Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of death from malignant disease among men globally[1].
Primary Risk Factors[2-3]
Symptoms[4]
Prostate Carcinogenesis[5-8]
Screening Trend
One strategy to decrease the risk of death from prostate cancer is to perform prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening tests with PSA.
PSA in Prostate Cancer Screening/ Early Detection (with DRE)[9-10]
- PSA: The most common method.
- DRE: Digital rectal examination (highly correlated with cancer incidence rate).
- TRUS & Biopsy: Used to confirm prostate cancer (Transrectal ultrasonography).
PSA Screening “Limitation”
The gray-zone PSA range is accepted to be 4-10 ng/ml and is considered to vary according to age[11].
%FPSA (FPSA / TPSA ratio)[12]
- 2 cases with the same TPSA value.
- Prostate cancer with the diminished %FPSA.
%FPSA in Prostate Cancer Screening[13]
%FPSA= FPSA/ TPSA:
- Negatively correlated with prostate cancer incidence.
- Improve detection rate of “gray zone” Recommended cutoff value in Europe >25%.
PSA in Staging/Risk Stratification[14]
Combination of PSA and Gleason score applied for grading of prostate cancer.
PSA in Posttreatment Monitoring [15-18]
Advantages of PSA testing:
- Easier to perform (especially compared with bone scans or CT scans).
- Early warns of excessive growth of recurrent tumor and/or distant metastases.
Clinical Settings Using PSA
PSA can be used in various clinical settings including healthcare centers and oncology institutions.
Mindray provides TPSA and FPSA for prostate cancer diagnosis
Mindray provides optimized TPSA and FPSA assays with high sensitivity and specificity to accommodate the diverse clinical scenarios for our customers. The CL-series TPSA assay can be used as an adjunctive test to aid in the management of prostate cancer patients. It is also suitable as an aid in the detection of prostate cancer when used in conjunction with DRE. The CL-series FPSA assay can be used with TPSA to facilitate distinguishing prostate cancer from benign prostatic conditions.
References
1. Hyuna Sung,Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries,
CA CANCER J CLIN 2021;0:1–41
2. World Cancer Research Fund/ American Institute for Cancer Research. Continuous Update Project Expert Report 2018. Body fatness and weight gain and the risk of cancer. Accessed October 27, 2020. dieta ndcan cerre port.org
3. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostate-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html
4. https://www.medindia.net/images/common/patientinfo/950_400/symptoms-of-prostate-cancer.jpg
5. Nelson, W. G., 2003
6. McChance & Huether, 2019, p. 854-855
7. Akari Minami, Roles of Estrogens in Prostate Cancer Development via the Modulation of DNA-Repair System, 2014
8. https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/cancerscience-research/cancerscience-research10.pdf
9. 2015 Chinese expert consensus on early diagnosis of prostate cancer
10. Mayoclinic:https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353093
11. Talisa Ross, Clarifying the PSA grey zone: The management of patients with a borderline PSA, September 2016, International Journal of Clinical Practice 70(11)
12. https://oncohemakey.com/prostate-specific-antigen-psa/
13. Jansen FH, et al., Eur Urol., 2009, 55(3):563-574
14. NCCN guidelines version 2.2022 prostate cancer
15. Consensus statement: guidlines for PSA following radiation therapy. American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology Consensus
16. Panel. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997;37:1035-41.
17. Rebecka Arnsrud Godtman,Long-term Results of Active Surveillance in the Go¨teborg Randomized, Population-based Prostate Cancer Screening Trial, EURURO-6759; No. of Pages 7.
18. American Urological Association (AUA).
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) best practice statement 2009 update. The Journal of Urology, Vol. 182, 2232-2241, November 2009
